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25. Sharing Information   Chapter VI: Training Practioners and Policymakers and Educating the Community
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Institutionalizing the Partnership   printable pdf printable pdf
POLICY STATEMENT # 26

Institutionalize the partnership to ensure it can sustain changes in leadership or personnel.

Successful partnerships depend on collaboration between individuals.  Over time, officials in mental health and criminal justice agencies may develop exemplary working relationships that lead to improved collaboration and better service to individuals with mental illness.  It is crucial, however, that the leaders of collaborative efforts make an effort to institutionalize their partnership, ensuring its longevity beyond their own tenure.  The following recommendations suggest some steps that can be taken to ensure the endurance of collaborative efforts between the criminal justice and mental health system partners.

Recommendations for Implementation

a.    Charge an individual with maintaining the vision of the collaborative effort and managing on a day-to-day basis communication among staff working for each of the various collaborating organizations.
 

Interactions between separate organizations - each with its own goals, policies, jargon, and organizational structures - tend to be extremely complicated.  Successful collaboration often requires communication between multiple individuals across organizational lines.   Many successful partnerships can be traced to the establishment of a position, sometimes referred to as a "boundary spanner" position, whose responsibility it is to be the traffic cop for the various people responsible for managing this communication on a day-to-day basis.

The organization employing the boundary spanner often depends on a variety of factors, such as local politics, history, economics, and personalities in each community.  Nevertheless, researchers have found some common aspects of successful boundary spanners.  A clear conceptualization of the functions of a boundary spanner position is often more important than the exact location of the position.  In addition, it is important to find experienced, well-respected individuals to staff these positions; these individuals are often veteran staffers who are familiar with the formal and informal norms of multiple systems.  Boundary spanners should be well compensated and given a title that appreciates the importance of their cross-systems work.[1] 

Example:  Court Monitor, Mental Health Court, King County (WA)

The court monitor in the King County Mental Health Court serves as the link between the criminal justice and mental health systems.  The court monitor first interviews candidates for the Mental Health Court in an effort to understand the defendant's mental health issues.  She then requests approval for the release of information from the defendant and communicates with the case manager who handled the defendant's past treatment.  Next, the court monitor prepares a report of the defendant's history and a proposed treatment plan to the court while explaining the workings of the court to the defendant.  Finally, the court monitor meets with the public defender and prosecutor to discuss the case.[2]

b.    Determine how to share responsibility for positive and negative outcomes.
 

Partnerships are often severely tested when the joint initiative draws bad publicity or suffers an unfortunate turn of events.  For example, joint ventures are typically dissolved (sometimes appropriately) when a program participant commits a high-visibility crime.  In other cases, a lawsuit involving a person working on the initiative can threaten the sustainability of a partnership. 

Partners should establish a plan, in advance, to respond to incidents that attract negative publicity in order to ensure that each does not simply engage in finger-pointing.  This plan should include an agreement on how to respond to inquiries from the legislature, other state or local governing bodies, the media, or attorneys representing a plaintiff. 

Officials working together as part of a collaborative venture should develop a similar plan to respond to positive news trumpeting the success of an initiative.  In some cases, failing to share credit or to recognize the value of the partnership publicly can be as destructive as an uncoordinated response to negative publicity. 

c.    Prepare contracts or memoranda of understanding defining the terms of the partnership.
 

Documents that describe the nature and scope of collaboration between distinct agencies or organizations can be crucial to solidifying a partnership.  Contracts or memoranda of understanding (MOU) also provide a guiding document to which partners can turn to resolve confusion or disagreement.  The structure of any such agreement will vary depending on the partners involved, the goal and scope of the collaboration, local policies and regulations, and many other jurisdiction-specific issues.  Despite these necessary variations, certain elements are consistent across such agreements, and criminal justice and mental health partners should consider referring to the following list when developing written agreements.

Elements of a successful memorandum of understanding:

  • Well-defined target population
  • Overarching purpose that underlies the agreement
  • Discussion of any relevant legislation or regulations
  • Elaboration of specific goals, both shared and germane to a particular partner
  • Definition of any new responsibilities
  • Time lines for the implementation of new initiatives and for review of the implementation process
  • Provision for the resolution of disputes

 

 


[1] Henry J. Steadman,  "Boundary Spanners: A Key Component for the Effective Interactions of the Justice and Mental Health Systems,"  Law and Human Behavior 16:1, 1992, pp. 75-86.

[2] John S. Goldkamp and Cheryl Irons-Guynn,  Emerging Judicial Strategies for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Caseload: Mental Health Courts in Fort Lauderdale, Seattle, San Bernadino, and Anchorage,  Bureau of Justice Assistance, April 2000. 

25. Sharing Information   Chapter VI: Training Practioners and Policymakers and Educating the Community